Marcelo Chen

• Topic I: General Consideration
  Marcelo ChenTaiwan Moderator

  Seung-Ju LeeKorea (Republic of) Moderator Questionnaires Provide Rapid Diagnosis of uUTI
• Opening Remarks
  Stephen S. YangTaiwan Speaker UTI & Hydronephrosis: What's New and Asian Guideline UpdateHydronephrosis is a common urological condition in both adults and children. It is frequently associated with urinary tract infection (UTI). However, not all hydronephrosis means upper urinary tract obstruction (UUTO). So, differentiating hydronephrosis into pathological or physiological is important. In pathological hydronephrosis or UUTO, risk factors of UTI should be identified. While in physiological UTI, no further study is required. In this lecture, classification of upper urinary tract dilatation will be introduced, including SFU and UTD system. Other than intra-venous pyelourography, diuretic renal scan can be useful in differentiating hydronephrosis into physiological or pathological hydronephrosis. Pitfalls in interpreting diuretic renogram will be discussed. A brief review of risk factors of UTI will be done. Finally, Asian guideline on UTI will be updated.
• Definition of Perioperative Infections and Surgical Classification
  Jun KameiJapan Speaker Definition of Perioperative Infections and Surgical Classification
• Surgical Antibiotic Prophylaxis: Types and Timing
  Wai Kit MaHong Kong, China Speaker Surgical Antibiotic Prophylaxis: Types and Timing
• Optimizing Pre-operative Patient Factors to Reduce Post-Surgical Complications
  Pei-Shan YangTaiwan Speaker Optimizing Pre-operative Patient Factors to Reduce Post-Surgical ComplicationsOptimizing Pre-operative Patient Factors to Reduce Post-surgical Complications Preoperative care • Preoperative documentation • Assessment of physical function and frailty • Cognititve screening • Pulmonary risk • Cardiovascular risk • Elective urological surgery should be delayed for 14 days after coronar balloon angioplsty, 30 days after bare metal stent 1 year after drug-eluting implantation • Atrial fibrillation do not need bridge therapy except for high risk of stroke, venous thrmoembolism <12 wks recent stenting or chronic anticoagulation • Endocrine • Delay elective procedure for HbA1C>6.9% • Longterm steriod dose adjustment for risk of GI bleeding or reactive airway issues • GI • Preoperaive fasting (6hrs befoere GA for solids, 2 hrs for clear liquids) is recommended to reduce the risk of intraoperative aspiration • Renal • ESRD: evaluate for hyperkalemia, acid-base status, anemia • Consider antibiotics covering endocarditis for dialysis patients • Nutrition • Immunonutrition (IMN) • Some equivocal results • lower postop infectious copmlications but no diff in other outcomes • Earlier return to bowel function with IMN but no diff in other outcomes • There was no difference in any grade CD complications by type of nutritional supplement for patients with bladder cancer undergoing RC. • From SWOG s1600 • Endourology • Scoring system • Novel techniques for puncture planning • Prevention of ureteral injury • Stenting •
• Essential Intraoperative Protocols for Infection Prevention
  Kazuyoshi ShigeharaJapan Speaker Essential Intraoperative Protocols for Infection PreventionSurgical site infections (SSIs) represent a significant burden on routine clinical practice and medical costs. Many interventions have been proposed over the past years to minimize the occurrence of SSIs. These interventions are broadly delivered at three stages including preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative managements. Intraoperative interventions are largely focused on skin and would decontamination, precautions to prevent transfer of microorganisms into incisions, and optimising the patient's own bodily functions to promote best recovery, which can be performed by the surgeons and medical staffs during operation. These interventions include skin cleansing protocols, wound closure procedure, wound lavage and irrigation, and drain placement. In this lecture, I would like to mention summaries of intraoperative managements for the prevention of SSIs based on the Japanese Guidelines for Prevention of Perioperative Infections in Urology, which had been newly revised by 2023.
• Coffee Break
• Topic II: Specific Topics
  Dong Hoon LimKorea (Republic of) Moderator

  Shang-Jen ChangTaiwan Moderator Which Surgical Treatment is Best for UPJO in Infants: Open, Laparoscopic, Robotic AssistedAbstract Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) in infants is a condition that can significantly impair renal function and requires timely surgical intervention when certain criteria are met, such as decreased split renal function, poor drainage on diuretic renography, or recurrent urinary tract infections. The three main surgical approaches for treating UPJO are open pyeloplasty (OP), laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LP), and robot-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty (RALP). Each technique has its own benefits and limitations, especially when applied to infants. Minimally invasive surgery (MIS), including LP and RALP, has gained popularity in pediatric urology due to advantages such as shorter hospital stays, reduced postoperative pain, faster recovery, and better cosmetic outcomes. However, the small working space in infants, the steep learning curve, and higher costs are significant limitations. In particular, the utility of MIS in infants remains controversial due to undefined benefits and technical challenges, including limited space for trocar placement and difficulty in intracorporeal suturing. Current guidelines from the European Association of Urology (EAU) indicate that while RALP is considered the gold standard for older pediatric patients, its role in infants remains less defined due to anatomical and logistical constraints. Open surgery continues to be the mainstay for infantile UPJO due to its well-established success rate and lower cost. Several studies have addressed the learning curve associated with these techniques. Laparoscopic pyeloplasty requires about 30 cases for a surgeon to achieve proficiency, while RALP demands approximately 18–31 cases depending on the metrics used. Simulation-based training, dry labs, and multicenter collaboration are proposed solutions to accelerate skill acquisition and ensure patient safety. Cost is another critical consideration. Although RALP generally incurs higher upfront costs, especially in low-volume centers, innovations such as magnetic stents have helped offset some of these expenses by eliminating the need for anesthesia during stent removal. Moreover, the availability of pediatric-specific robotic instruments remains limited and necessitates ongoing development to fully support MIS in smaller patients. In conclusion, while RALP is increasingly recognized as the standard for pediatric UPJO, its application in infants should be considered selectively, depending on surgeon experience, institutional resources, and patient anatomy. Open pyeloplasty remains a safe and effective option, particularly in very young children. Advances in surgical training, cost reduction strategies, and instrument development will be key to expanding the use of minimally invasive techniques in this population.
• Endoscopic Examination
  Tze-Chen ChaoTaiwan Speaker Prevention of Surgical Site Infection: Endoscopic examinations and drainage tube related proceduresThe presentation outlines antibiotic prophylaxis in urologic examinations and drainage tube-related procedures. For diagnostic examinations like urodynamics and cystoscopy without manipulation, prophylactic antibiotics are generally not required in low-risk patients without UTI risk factors. Ureteroscopy has increased infection risk due to potential mucosal trauma, increased intrarenal pressure, and therefore requires antibiotic prophylaxis. For drainage procedures, DJ stent placement typically warrants prophylaxis except in carefully selected low-risk patients, as colonization rates increase with duration and certain risk factors such as diabetes, chronic kidney disease, malignancy, female gender, pregnancy, and emergency procedures. First-time nephrostomy placement requires single-dose prophylaxis due to renal parenchymal injury and bacteremia risk. On the other hand, routine exchanges of nephrostomy generally don't need prophylaxis unless tube obstruction occurs. The key principle is individualized risk assessment. Current evidence supports selective rather than universal prophylaxis to prevent infection and minimize bacterial resistance.Transurethral Surgery
• Transurethral Surgery
  Jeong Woo LeeKorea (Republic of) Speaker Transurethral Surgery
• Surgery for Urolithiasis
  Toshiki EtaniJapan Speaker Surgery for Urolithiasis
• Surgery Using Foreign Bodies
  Chi-Fang ChenTaiwan Speaker Antibiotic prophylaxis for surgery using foreign bodiesWhile existing guidelines offer important frameworks for antibiotic prophylaxis in AUS and penile prosthesis surgeries, they are insufficiently comprehensive and sometimes inconsistent, particularly regarding coverage of all relevant pathogens, duration of antibiotic use, and tailoring to patient risk profiles. This underscores the need for further high-quality research to refine prophylaxis protocols and improve infection prevention outcomes in these prosthetic surgeries.
• Pediatric Urological Surgery
  Li-Yi LimMalaysia Speaker Pediatric Urological SurgeryWhat’s New in Nocturnal Enuresis?
• Renal Transplantation
  Chang Il ChoiKorea (Republic of) Speaker Renal Transplantation
• Prostate Biopsy
  Yoshiki HiyamaJapan Speaker Prostate Biopsy
• Urethroplasty for Urethral Stenosis
  Seung-Kwon ChoiKorea (Republic of) Speaker Urethroplasty for Urethral StenosisUrethroplasty is a definitive treatment for urethral stricture disease. Despite its high success rate, surgical site infections (SSIs) and urinary tract infections (UTIs) remain notable postoperative complications. Antibiotic prophylaxis practices vary significantly among reconstructive urologists, ranging from single-dose perioperative regimens to prolonged courses until catheter removal. However, there is limited high-quality evidence to guide optimal antibiotic duration in this context. Recent prospective cohort studies demonstrated no significant reduction in UTI or wound infection with extended antibiotic prophylaxis versus limited regimens. Moreover, prolonged antibiotic use was associated with a significantly higher incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms. Additional studies confirmed the lack of correlation between bacteriuria and stricture recurrence or wound complications. Prolonged postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis offers no clear benefit in preventing SSIs or UTIs following urethroplasty. In contrast, it may promote the development of MDR organisms. Current evidence support a practice shift toward single-dose perioperative antibiotics. These strategies enhance antibiotic stewardship while maintaining clinical safety.
• Closing Remarks
  Stephen S. YangTaiwan Speaker UTI & Hydronephrosis: What's New and Asian Guideline UpdateHydronephrosis is a common urological condition in both adults and children. It is frequently associated with urinary tract infection (UTI). However, not all hydronephrosis means upper urinary tract obstruction (UUTO). So, differentiating hydronephrosis into pathological or physiological is important. In pathological hydronephrosis or UUTO, risk factors of UTI should be identified. While in physiological UTI, no further study is required. In this lecture, classification of upper urinary tract dilatation will be introduced, including SFU and UTD system. Other than intra-venous pyelourography, diuretic renal scan can be useful in differentiating hydronephrosis into physiological or pathological hydronephrosis. Pitfalls in interpreting diuretic renogram will be discussed. A brief review of risk factors of UTI will be done. Finally, Asian guideline on UTI will be updated.

• Diagnosis of Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections
  Seung-Ju LeeKorea (Republic of) Moderator Questionnaires Provide Rapid Diagnosis of uUTI

  Stephen S. YangTaiwan Moderator UTI & Hydronephrosis: What's New and Asian Guideline UpdateHydronephrosis is a common urological condition in both adults and children. It is frequently associated with urinary tract infection (UTI). However, not all hydronephrosis means upper urinary tract obstruction (UUTO). So, differentiating hydronephrosis into pathological or physiological is important. In pathological hydronephrosis or UUTO, risk factors of UTI should be identified. While in physiological UTI, no further study is required. In this lecture, classification of upper urinary tract dilatation will be introduced, including SFU and UTD system. Other than intra-venous pyelourography, diuretic renal scan can be useful in differentiating hydronephrosis into physiological or pathological hydronephrosis. Pitfalls in interpreting diuretic renogram will be discussed. A brief review of risk factors of UTI will be done. Finally, Asian guideline on UTI will be updated.
• Questionnaires Provide Rapid Diagnosis of uUTI
  Seung-Ju LeeKorea (Republic of) Speaker Questionnaires Provide Rapid Diagnosis of uUTI
• Changes of the Bacterial Resistance from Uncomplicated Cystitis in Japan
  Shingo YamamotoJapan Speaker Changes of the Bacterial Resistance from Uncomplicated Cystitis in JapanThe spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasing threat to all of humanity. Southeast and South Asian countries are among the world's leading AMR-endemic countries, with advanced AMR spreading through various international routes. Considering the mass administration of antibiotics to livestock and pets, and the spread of antibiotics and drug-resistant bacteria in the environment, measures to combat AMR cannot be completed within the human medical field alone. It is necessary to clarify the concept of the One Health approach and for various sectors, including human medical fields (such as veterinary medicine and the environment), to work together toward the same goal. When Japan's infectious disease control guidelines were published in 2011, fluoroquinolones were positioned as the first-choice drug for the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis in both pre- and postmenopausal women, because they are highly effective against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. However, quinolone-resistant and ESBL-producing strains of Gram-negative bacteria, mainly E. coli, are increasing year by year, and many ESBL-producing strains are quinolone-resistant. Therefore, it is considered that the use of cephalosporins and quinolones should be severely restricted, and it is necessary to discuss the important issue of appropriate use of antibiotics.
• Integrated Chip Provide Rapid Identification of Uropathogen
  Chia-Hung LiuTaiwan Speaker Integrated Chip Provide Rapid Identification of UropathogenThe present study proposes a unique approach for the quick and cost-effective detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in urine samples using disposable gold electrode sensing chips. Spectrophotometry and plate counting demonstrated a significant linear correlation coefficient of 0.98986 between absorbance values and E. coli concentration. The electrochemical detection approach used modified electrodes to increase sensitivity. The method used to address cyclic voltammetry (CV) was not effective in depicting the peaks involved in breaking down the bacterial cell wall barrier using a permeabilizer. Square wave voltammetry (SWV) was used to identify changes in the p-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (p-APG) oxidation peak, which served as evidence of the successful integration and hydrolysis of β-galactosidase (β-gal). Both modified and unmodified gold electrodes showed an inversely proportional oxidation peak at 500 mV for p-PAG in E. Coli experiments employing SWV, with the modified electrodes showing greater sensitivity. During clinical testing, the proposed biosensor successfully detected urine bacterial counts with a sensitivity of about 75 colony-forming units per millilitre (cfu/ml), despite difficulties in detecting extremely low E. coli concentrations. The use of electrochemical techniques resulted in a significant decrease in experimental time, allowing real-time analysis for useful applications in the detection of bacteria in urine.
• Discussion
• Genital Infection
  Marcelo ChenTaiwan Moderator

  Satoshi TakahashiJapan Moderator
• HIV Screening through the Nation-Wide Sexual Health Friendly Clinical Network: Taiwan Experiences
  Pin-Hui LeeTaiwan Speaker HIV Screening through the Nation-Wide Sexual Health Friendly Clinical Network: Taiwan ExperiencesAs of the end of 2024, Taiwan has accumulated 45,255 HIV notifications since 1984. The number of people living with HIV has been more than 36000. Analysis by age group highlights that the majority of new HIV cases occur among individuals engaging in unsafe sexual behaviors, accounting for over 90% of transmissions. Despite ongoing efforts, undiagnosed HIV infections remain a public health challenge. Estimates using the CD4 depletion model, recommended by the U.S. CDC, show varying undiagnosed rates across age groups, especially for age of 13-35 years. Taiwan has made considerable progress toward the UNAIDS 95–95–95 targets for 2030. In 2024, estimated 92% of people living with HIV were aware of their status, 96% of those diagnosed were receiving treatment, and 95% of treated individuals had achieved viral suppression. To strengthen early diagnosis, Taiwan has implemented various HIV screening programs especially through the B1 program, which promotes comprehensive HIV screening for individuals with STIs, also including acute viral hepatitis A,B,C, or substance use disorders. Education and promotion of the B1 program through the medical professional societies to organize the sexual health friendly clinical network has substantially increased the accessibility of HIV testing. The diagnostic process involves a combination of antigen/antibody screening, immunochromatographic tests, and nucleic acid testing. Healthcare institutions are incentivized through the reimbursement system. The role of urology specialists is particularly emphasized. Between 2019 and 2024, urology clinics and hospitals contributed significantly to the B1 program of HIV testing. The highest HIV positivity rates in these settings were linked to patients diagnosed with syphilis, chlamydia, and condyloma acuminatum (genital warts). Physicians are encouraged to offer HIV testing and health education to at-risk patients and to invite their partners for screening and treatment. In summary, Taiwan continues to advance in its response to the HIV epidemic by improving diagnostic coverage, optimizing care pathways, and engaging frontline specialties such as urology. Emphasis on integrated care models and proactive partner notification are key strategies moving forward in achieving national and international targets for HIV control.
• HPV Vaccination in Men, Asia and the World
  Sang-Rak BaeKorea (Republic of) Speaker HPV Vaccination in Men, Asia and the WorldHPV Vaccination in Men: Status in Asia and the World Human papillomavirus (HPV) comprises a group of over 200 virus types, among which certain high-risk types are known to cause genital warts and various cancers. Persistent infection with high-risk HPV types is a leading cause of cervical cancer and is also associated with vulvar, vaginal, oral/oropharyngeal, penile, and anal cancers. Approximately 5.2% of all cancers globally—amounting to around 600,000 new cases annually—are attributed to HPV infection. Prophylactic vaccination remains the most effective method to prevent these HPV-related malignancies. In the case of cervical cancer, HPV screening and treatment of precancerous lesions are also recognized as effective preventive strategies. However, due to the absence of reliable screening methods for HPV-related conditions in men, the burden of male HPV infection has often been overlooked. As of 2025, around 149 countries have implemented national HPV vaccination programs, of which 82 offer gender-neutral vaccination (GNV). In Asia, Mongolia, Bhutan, the UAE, Qatar, and Kuwait have adopted GNV, and Taiwan is scheduled to expand vaccination to males starting September 2025. This study aims to emphasize the necessity of expanding HPV vaccination for males in Asia, based on global comparisons and the rationale for male vaccination. 1. History of HPV and HPV Vaccination In the 1970s, HPV infection was first identified as a cause of female genital malignancies. In 1985, HPV DNA was detected in head and neck cancer tissues, and in 1995, HPV types 16 and 18 were officially classified as carcinogenic for genital cancers. The first HPV vaccine was developed in 2006, and in 2007, HPV-16 was acknowledged as a carcinogen for head and neck cancers. As of July 2025, 37 out of 38 OECD countries (excluding Türkiye) have implemented national vaccination programs. Japan and Korea currently only provide government-supported vaccination for females. In Asia, Mongolia, Bhutan, UAE, Qatar, and Kuwait offer vaccination for both sexes, with Taiwan including males starting in September 2025. 2. Global Status of HPV-Related Cancers To reduce the incidence of cervical cancer to fewer than 4 cases per 100,000 women by 2030, the WHO has launched the "A World Without Cervical Cancer" initiative, targeting 90% vaccination coverage, 70% screening uptake, and 90% treatment rates. Globally, 87–96% of cervical cancers are HPV-related, with 92% in Asia alone. Additionally, head and neck cancers—the fifth most common cancer—are associated with HPV in 20–40% of cases. Penile cancer is linked to HPV in up to 90% of HGSIL cases and approximately 33% of invasive penile cancers. In total, HPV is associated with over 730,000 cancers worldwide, representing over 5% of all malignancies. 3. Rationale for HPV Vaccination in Males HPV vaccination in males is often underprioritized, as the burden of prevention is traditionally placed on females. Unlike cervical cancer in females, there is no organized screening program for HPV-related non-cervical cancers in men, limiting secondary prevention benefits. Men also show lower awareness of HPV-related diseases, increasing their vulnerability to infection. Due to insufficient vaccine coverage, populations such as MSM and unvaccinated females remain inadequately protected despite herd immunity. Males act as a significant reservoir of HPV. Transmission from female to male occurs at a rate of 5.6 per 100 person-months, while male-to-female transmission is also substantial at 3.5. HPV-infected sperm demonstrates reduced motility and increased DNA fragmentation, potentially affecting fertility. In the U.S., the incidence of HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer in men has surpassed that of cervical cancer in women since the mid-2010s. 4. HPV Vaccination for Males in Asia Asia is home to approximately 60% of the global population. However, the two most populous countries—China and India—do not include HPV vaccination in their national immunization programs. Among the Asian countries offering vaccination, only Mongolia, Bhutan, UAE, Qatar, Kuwait, and now Taiwan (from September 2025) provide GNV. There is significant variability in vaccination coverage across nations. According to GLOBOCAN data, 58% of global cervical cancer cases—around 352,000 new diagnoses—occur in Asia. Given Asia’s population size and disease burden, expanding HPV vaccination programs, particularly for males, is a critical public health priority. 5. Recommendations To prevent HPV-related diseases—including cervical cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, and benign HPV-related conditions—HPV vaccination is recommended for both males and females aged 9–26. Individuals aged 9–14 should receive two doses at 0 and 6 months; those aged 15–26 should receive three doses at 0, 1, and 6 months. The optimal age for vaccination is 11–12 years. Women aged 27 and above may receive the vaccine based on individual clinical decision-making. 6. Conclusion HPV affects both sexes, contributing significantly to disease burden in males through cancers and anogenital warts. The lack of organized screening for HPV-related diseases in men makes gender-neutral vaccination (GNV) a fair and effective public health strategy. GNV may also accelerate cervical cancer elimination and increase program resilience against future disruptions. In particular, the high burden of HPV-related diseases in Asia underscores the urgency and importance of expanding vaccination coverage across the region.
• Antimicrobial Resistance on Neisseria Gonorrhoeae and Mycoplasma Genitalium
  Koichiro WadaJapan Speaker Antimicrobial Resistance on Neisseria Gonorrhoeae and Mycoplasma GenitaliumSexually transmitted diseases, in which Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Mycoplasma genitalium are the pathogenic microorganisms, have become a social problem also in Japan. Drug resistance has been increasing, especially among penicillins, macrolides, and fluoroquinolones in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Mycoplasma genitalium was originally not highly susceptible to tetracyclines, but has recently become resistant to macrolides and fluoroquinolones. N. gonorrhea can be treated with a 1g single-dose of ceftriaxone, but urethritis caused by M. genitalium sometimes requires sequential/combination therapy, and many cases are difficult to treat. In my presentation, I would like to discuss diagnosis and treatment, especially drug resistance in Japan.
• Discussion

• Urolithiasis
  Yung-Tai ChenTaiwan Speaker
• Transplantation
  Gu-Shun LaiTaiwan Speaker
• Oncology
  Po-Hung LinTaiwan Speaker Robotic Prostatectomy Using da Vinci SP SystemIn this semi-live section I will demonstrate the steps of extraperitoneal-approach radical prostatectomy using DAVINCI SP system.How to Make the Best Decision with Systemic Therapy Sequence in Respective of Genetic AnalysisRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a biologically heterogeneous disease driven by a limited set of convergent pathways that together shape oncogenesis, immune evasion, and therapeutic response. Across clear-cell RCC (ccRCC), recurrent alterations include VHL, PBRM1, BAP1, and SETD2, mapping onto five dominant axes: hypoxia signaling (VHL–HIF), PI3K/AKT/mTOR, chromatin remodeling, cell-cycle control, and metabolic rewiring. These lesions variably interact—e.g., mTORC1 enhances HIF translation—creating therapeutic opportunities (VEGF tyrosine-kinase inhibitors, HIF-2α inhibition, mTOR blockade) and constraints (adaptive resistance via metabolic plasticity). While immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and ICI–TKI combinations have improved outcomes in metastatic RCC, robust predictive biomarkers remain elusive. Tumor mutational burden is typically low and noninformative; PD-L1 shows assay- and context-dependent utility; PBRM1 and BAP1 are more prognostic than predictive. Emerging signals include angiogenic versus T-effector/myeloid transcriptional signatures, sarcomatoid/rhabdoid histology as a surrogate of immune-inflamed state, and host factors such as HLA genotype and gut microbiome composition. Liquid-biopsy modalities (ctDNA and methylome profiling) and spatial/single-cell atlases reveal intratumoral heterogeneity, T-cell exclusion niches, and myeloid programs (e.g., TREM2⁺ macrophages) linked to recurrence or ICI benefit. Early data support metabolism-targeted strategies (e.g., glutaminase inhibition) and rational combinations co-targeting angiogenesis, hypoxia signaling, and immune checkpoints; however, toxicity management and resistance evolution require prospective, biomarker-integrated trials. A clinical schema that pairs baseline multi-omic and microenvironmental profiling with adaptive surveillance (serial liquid biopsies, functional imaging) can lead to dynamically select among ICI–ICI, ICI–TKI, targeted, and experimental regimens. Robotic Prostatectomy Using da Vinci SP System
• Robot
  Yueh Pan Speaker
• Infection
  Marcelo ChenTaiwan Speaker
• Pediatrics
  Yu-Chen ChenTaiwan Speaker What We Should Know about Sexual Development Disorders Disorders of Sexual Development (DSDs) represent a spectrum of congenital conditions involving atypical development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex. Early identification and accurate diagnosis are essential for guiding clinical management and psychosocial support. This talk will provide an overview of the classification of DSDs, including 46,XX DSD, 46,XY DSD, and sex chromosome DSDs, and highlight key diagnostic steps such as hormonal profiling, genetic testing, and imaging studies. Common conditions such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS), and gonadal dysgenesis will be discussed, with emphasis on a multidisciplinary approach involving pediatric endocrinologists, geneticists, surgeons, and psychologists. Practical considerations in gender assignment, surgical timing, and long-term follow-up will also be addressed. This session aims to equip urology residents with the essential knowledge to recognize and contribute to the care of patients with DSDs.
• Andrology
  林崇裕Taiwan Speaker