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Ho-Yee TiongSingapore
Moderator
Living kidney donation with AI - Augmented or ArtificialAt the National University Hospital, we have utilized AI to try improving our pre-operative and peri-operative management of our patients for donor nephrectomy. This presentation shares the benefit of the learning experience of using AI through a standardized procedure like donor nephrectomy.
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Brian K. LeeUnited States
Speaker
Genetic Testing in the Evaluation of Recipient Candidates and Living Kidney DonorWith the advent of more affordable next generation sequencing with ever faster turnaround times, precision medicine has taken on a more prominent role in clinical practice. This has meant that when determining the most appropriate course of action when evaluating potential kidney transplant recipients, genetic ascertainment of the underlying cause of their ESKD/CKD has become an increasingly indispensable tool. At the same time, related living kidney donors, especially those who are young, and who may not have any manifestations of renal symptoms can now be genetically tested to reassure transplant professionals and donors and their families that they are unlikely to harbor a hereditary condition that could jeopardize their future renal function. And yet the interpretation of genetic testing results is not part of the regular nephrology/transplant curriculum, and many centers do not have readily accessible medical geneticists or genetic counselors at their disposal, making the appropriate triaging of recipient and donor candidates alike somewhat of a black box. Through this session, we hope to elucidate the tough decisions and triumphs that comes with recognizing both the powers and the limitations of using genetic tests in transplant recipient and donor evaluations. Non-Invasive Immune MonitoringThe success of kidney transplantation is dependent on the close monitoring of kidney function and the net immune status of the host recipient. Traditional biomarkers such as serum creatinine are unreliable at best, often lagging behind histologic evidence of anti-graft activity when protocol biopsies are performed which could jeopardize opportunities for clinicians to intervene timely. Surveillance renal allograft biopsies have been employed in an attempt to match clinical outcomes with histologic findings, but this invasive procedure could lead to bleeding complications and is time- and labor intensive. Better immune monitoring has recently become more widely adopted in transplant practice, and its introduction could allow closer follow-up of the recipient and shed light on the state of immune milieu.
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Cheng-Kuang YangTaiwan
Moderator
Robotic Radical Prostatectomy: Trying to Fit the Right Surgery to the Right PatientDefinitive treatment for localized prostate cancer included radical prostatectomy and radiation. Successful criteria of radical prostatectomy have to meet oncology control, not persistent PSA after surgery without salvage therapy. MRI imaging stage and PSA density are predictors for short‐term BCR after prostatectomy. NCCN‐defined high‐risk patients with a high initial PSA 28 density, imaging stage (T3aN0M0 and T3bN0M0), and 29 pathologic stage (any N1) had a higher risk of BCR when 30 compared with other patients with undetectable PSA, while 31 those with pathologic stage (T3bN0M0 or any N1) displayed 32 a higher risk of postoperatively detectable PSA. These find‐ 33 ings may help urologists to identify patients for whom active 34 therapeutic protocols are necessary.
Alvin WeeUnited States
Speaker
How to Build Up a Strong Kidney Transplant Program with Continuing Growth?Transplantation is one of the most complex, highly regulated, multidisciplinary fields in medicine, requiring the coordination and dedication of a highly skilled and collaborative team.
At this conference, we’re honored to share our journey—highlighting the challenges, milestones, and strategic innovations that have shaped our transplant program. Through intentional planning, data-driven practices, and a strong team culture, we’ve grown to become the leading transplant center in the nation, recognized for both volume and quality outcomes.
Our hope is that by sharing our experience, we can contribute valuable insights to the transplant community and support others in advancing excellence in patient care.
Robotic Kidney Transplantation: The Way to Go?!The utilization of robotics in urologic surgery continues to grow, offering enhanced precision, improved outcomes, and faster recovery times. In the field of kidney transplantation, robotic-assisted techniques are now gaining significant momentum. The Cleveland Clinic Main Campus has emerged as the largest single center performing robotic-assisted kidney transplants annually—not only in the United States but also worldwide.
With this unparalleled experience, we are well positioned to share key advantages we have observed over traditional open surgical methods. As robotic technology continues to evolve, our experience reinforces its growing role in transforming the field of kidney transplantation and improving patient outcomes.
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Tom LueUnited States
Speaker
Recent Advances in ED: Bridging Innovation and Clinical PracticeRecent Advances in ED: Translating Innovation to Patient Care
Tom F. Lue, MD, ScD(Hon), FACS, University of California, San Francisco, USA
Ischemic priapism and Peyronie’s disease are two longstanding challenges in urology. When not promptly and appropriately managed, both conditions frequently result in erectile dysfunction. This presentation will review the underlying pathophysiology of each condition and highlight recent innovations that have significantly advanced our clinical approach and improved patient outcomes.
Ischemic Priapism
Pathogenesis and Management of Ischemic Priapism
Although ischemic priapism can result from a variety of underlying conditions, they all converge on a final common pathway: paralysis of the intracavernous smooth muscle, leading to veno-occlusion and cessation of arterial inflow. This vascular stasis causes tissue ischemia, which, if not promptly reversed, progresses to necrosis, fibrosis, and ultimately erectile dysfunction.
When priapism is identified within 24 hours, initial management typically includes aspiration of the old cavernosal blood combined with intracavernosal injection of alpha-adrenergic agents such as diluted phenylephrine. These agents stimulate smooth muscle contraction, promoting restoration of venous outflow and arterial inflow.
However, once priapism extends beyond 24 hours, prolonged ischemia leads to marked tissue edema, severe smooth muscle dysfunction, and thrombosis of subtunical venules. At this stage, the efficacy of alpha-adrenergic agents is greatly diminished or absent, and surgical intervention becomes necessary. Various shunting procedures have been described to re-establish cavernosal blood flow by diverting it through the glans, corpus spongiosum, dorsal vein, or saphenous vein.
In some cases, intracavernous dilation procedures are employed to re-open the proximal-to-distal corporal channels and facilitate drainage through the shunt. These advanced measures aim to salvage erectile tissue and prevent long-term dysfunction.
Why Do Many Shunting Procedures Fail?
Within the body, exposed collagen acts as a key trigger for blood clotting. Shunting procedures create an opening in the tunica albuginea to divert blood flow toward the glans, corpus spongiosum, or the penile or saphenous veins. However, this procedure exposes collagen fibers in the tunica and surrounding injured erectile tissue, which initiates the coagulation cascade. As a result, blood clots can form within the shunt, causing its closure and leading to recurrence of priapism.
Innovation: Peri-Shunting Antithrombotic Therapy
Over the past decade, for priapism lasting more than 24 hours, we have routinely administered aspirin combined with low-dose heparin prior to shunting procedures— T-shunts, with or without intracavernous dilation. This is followed by a five-day regimen of aspirin and clopidogrel to maintain shunt patency during the critical post-ischemic hyperemia phase. Using this approach, we have effectively reduced the rate of priapism recurrence to approximately 10%.
Peyronie’s disease
Pathogenesis
Peyronie’s disease (PD) results from a complex cascade of molecular, cellular, and structural changes that cause fibrosis—with or without calcification—in the tunica albuginea, septum, or intracavernous struts of the penis. These fibrotic plaques decrease the tunica’s elasticity, leading to penile curvature, indentation, hourglass deformity, or shortening during erection. The resulting biomechanical disruption, along with the psychological distress it may cause, can contribute to erectile dysfunction.
Innovation-Enzyme-based Injection therapy
Xiaflex (collagenase clostridium histolyticum) is an enzyme-based injection therapy approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for Peyronie’s disease in December 2013. Administered via intralesional injection directly into the fibrotic plaque, Xiaflex contains enzymes that break down disorganized collagen and elastic fibers, gradually reducing and eliminating the plaque.
However, injection alone typically does not produce significant correction of the deformity without a subsequent modeling procedure. This procedure—performed manually or with devices such as RestoreX, PeniMaster Pro, or Andropenis—serves as a tissue expansion tool to promote remodeling of the normal tunica, helping to restore penile length and girth.
Over the past 11 years, the author has performed more than 11,000 Xiaflex injections and considers this approach superior to surgery for several reasons: (1) It eliminates plaques without creating new plaques, unlike surgical excision or incision with grafting; (2) It facilitates increases in penile length and girth through modeling, in contrast to the shortening often seen after plication procedures; (3) It avoids neurovascular damage and does not cause erectile dysfunction.
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Geng-Long HsuTaiwan
Speaker
Penile Fibro-Voruilon Assembly and Venours Stripping Surgery for EDBackgrounds: Humans have existed on earth for 3000 centuries, so does penile fibro-vascular assembly, which is an exclusive milieu for applying Pascal's law if there is no veno-occlusive dysfunction (VOD), or older-termed venous leakage. The corpora cavernosa (CC), incorporated distal ligament, is the primary compartment for establishing bony rigidity. Despite extensive studies for centuries, the medieval illustration of penile fibro-vascular anatomy has prevailed in literature since 1519. Consequently, it has been unsuccessful in all derived penile reconstructive strategies, particularly the merit of penile venous surgery, which has been disputed since 1895, when Duncan introduced it in the United States. Recently, a penile fibro-vascular assembly was proven to be an independent compartment in the cardiovascular system. We sought to report on the male potency reconstructions, specifically the penile venous stripping for erection restoration, refined chronologically since 1985, in Taiwan.
Methods: Reviewing a four-decade journey, reciprocating between penile fibrovascular anatomy and Taiwanese penile venous stripping surgery (PVSS) strategy, from the 1986 prototype to the USPTO patent version in August 2012, we reviewed a vast repository in our 3488 surgeries since 1986. Under acupuncture-assisted local anesthesia, the acupoints of Hegu (LI4), Shou San Li (LI10), and Waiguan (TE5) are chosen routinely. All patients received dual cavernosography in which a pilot cavernosograpy demonstrated the innovative, intriguing penile venous anatomy, a PGE-1 test in between, and a pharmaco-cavernosography documented a veno-occlusive dysfunction (VOD). Among them, 3488 PVS surgeries had been performed. Neither an electrocautery nor a suction apparatus is used. All surgeries were conducted on an ambulatory basis with acupuncture-assisted local anesthesia. PVSS entailed the venous stripping of a deep dorsal vein and a pair of cavernosal veins after every emissary vein was fixed firmly closest to the outer tunica albuginea with a 6-0 nylon suture.
Meanwhile, segmental ligation was conducted on two pairs of para-arterial veins. Routinely, postoperative cavernosograms were obtained for comparison. The abridged 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) score system and the erection hardness scale (EHS) were used to confirm improvement in preoperative and postoperative follow-up via the INTERNET yearly. Statistically, the Wilcoxon signed rank test and Fisher's exact test were used as necessary.
Results: The operation time is 4.7±1.4 hours, varied widely between 3.5 h and 7.5 h with a mean of 4.7h. , and the blood loss is 15.8±4.6 mL. There was a significant difference (both P＜0.01) in preop. And postop. IIEF-5 and EHS scores (9.7±2.8 vs. 20.8±2.3; 1.7±0.6 vs. 3.2±0.2, respectively. Although the intracorporeal retention and erection quality improvement were profound unexceptionally, improved rate was defined as an IIEF-5 increasement of 3 scores out of 25 and EHS up warding at least one scale; accounting for 50.0 to 95.7%; however, the gratifying rate varies between 55.5% to 85.8% with available follow-up for longer than a decade. In the adolescent-onset impotence, natural coitus can be achieved in 3 out of the five patients.
Discussion and conclusion: Given that refractory ED prompted most patients to seek our PVSS, it is noteworthy that PVSS appears to be beneficial to most ED patients of all ages. Particularly, with an ultimate understanding of penile fibrovascular assembly involving the erection veins and apagogical erection process through hemodynamic research via fresh and defrosted cadaveric penises, Taiwanese PVSS warrants spreading to young surgeons.
Take-home message:
The conventional penile anatomy is merely one circumferential layer model of tunica albuginea surrounding the corpora cavernosa (CC) and one deep dorsal vein draining corporeal blood; as evidenced by research, innovative terms such as erection-related veins, penile venous stripping surgery (PVSS), and penile fibro-vascular assembly are underpinned and implemented in Taiwan.
Human penile fibrovascular assembly involves the fibrous bi-layered tunica albuginea model with a 360° inner circular and 300° outer coat surrounding the CC; the erection-related veins are one deep dorsal vein (DDV), two cavernosal veins (CVs), and four para-arterial veins. Each vein has emissaries connecting to the CC sinusoids.
The relationship between DDV, CVs, and emissaries resembles that of rattan root nodes to a yam vine: multiple smaller yams can sprout if the root remains intact, which occurs at the expense of the main vine's ability to support a single giant yam; this agricultural principle guided the design of our PVSS approach.
Taiwanese PVSS requires neither electrocautery nor suction apparatus. Although most of the medical community worldwide does not agree with it, PVSS is beneficial in correcting veno-occlusive dysfunction and has outstanding results. The traditional complications of irreversible penile numbness and deformity have been virtually negated with the venous ligation technique superseding venous cautery.
Despite not being agreed upon in most of the medical community, penile venous stripping surgery is beneficial in correcting veno-occlusive dysfunction, with outstanding results. The traditional complications of irreversible penile numbness and deformity have been virtually negated with the venous ligation technique superseding venous cautery.
Although many urological surgeons regard the PVSS surgery niche as unreachable, it is achievable, akin to the capability of performing microsurgery on a small rat. Taiwanese PVSS is likely the exclusive physiological way to ensure erection restoration and a natural way of glans expansion. So PVSS, which ought to decline AI assistance, should be shared with young surgeons.
Key Words: cavernosal vein, erectile dysfunction, deep dorsal vein, para-arterial vein, veno-occulusive dysfunction, penile venous stripping surgery, penile fibro-vascular assembly, erection-related veins
References:
1. Hsu, G. L., Chang, H. C., Molodysky, E., Hsu, C. Y., Tsai, M. H., Yin, J. H., & Chen, M. T. (2025). A detailed analysis of the penile fibro-vascular assembly. The journal of sexual medicine, 22(2), 225–234. https://doi.org/10.1093/jsxmed/qdae177
2. Cho-Hsing Chung, Ko-Shih Chang, Heng-Shuen Chen, Yi-Ying Hsieh, Yu-Hsiang Chang, Geng-Long Hsu, Mang-Hung Tsai, Jeff SC Chueh. Combining Erection Restoration and Factual Penile Enhancement Based on Revolutionary Penile Fibrovascular assembly. Journal Archivos Españoles de Urología, accepted 2025.
3. Cho-Hsing Chung, Heng-Shuen Chen, Yi-Ying Hsieh, Geng-Long Hsu, Cheng-Hsing Hsieh, Ta-Chin Lin, Jeff SC Chueh. Strategy for salvaging the shrinkage soft glans penis and impending prosthesis loss in patients with a penile implant: A case report. Journal Archivos Españoles de Urología, accepted, 2025.
4. Geng-Long Hsu: Physiological Approach to Penile Venous Stripping Surgical Procedure for Patients with Erectile Dysfunction (Patent No: US 8,240,313B2).
http://www.google.com/patents/US20110271966
5. Chang KS, Chang YK, Chung CH, et al Emergent Penile Venous Stripping for Treating Adolescent Impotence. Life 2024, 14, 762.
6. Chang KS, Chung CH, Chang YK, et al., Coil Embolization Is Not Justified for Treating Patients with Veno-Occlusive Dysfunction: Case Series and Narrative Literature Review." Life (Basel, Switzerland) 2024; 14:911-23. https:// doi.org/10.3390/life14070911
7. Hsieh CH, Huang YP, Tsai MH, et al. Tunical Outer Layer Plays an Essential Role in Penile veno-occlusive Mechanism Evidenced from Electrocautery Effects to the Corpora Cavernosa in Defrosted Human Cadavers. Urology 2015; 86:1129-1136.
8. Hsu, G-L., & Lu, H-C. (2018). Penis Structure—Erection. In M. K. Skinner (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Reproduction. vol. 1, pp. 367–375. Academic Press: Elsevier. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801238-3.64603-2
9. Hsu GL, Hill JW, Hsieh CH, et al. Venous ligation: A novel strategy
for glans enhancement in penile prosthesis implantation. BioMed Research
International Volume 2014 (2014), Article ID 923171, 7 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/923171
10. Hsu GL, Hung YP, Tsai MH, et al. Penile veins are the principal component in erectile rigidity: a study of penile venous stripping on defrosted human cadavers. J Androl 2012; 33:176-185.
11. Hsu, G-L. (2018). Erection Abnormality. In M. K. Skinner (Ed.), Encyclopedia of
Reproduction. vol. 1, pp. 382–390. Academic Press: Elsevier. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801238-3.64374-X (Invited)
12. Hsu, G-L., & Liu, S-P. (2018). Penis Structure. In M. K. Skinner (Ed.),
Encyclopedia of Reproduction. vol. 1, pp. 357–366. Academic Press: Elsevier. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801238-3.64602-0 (Invited)
13. Hsieh CH, Huang YP, Tsai MH, et al., Tunical Outer Layer Plays an Essential Role in Penile veno-occlusive Mechanism Evidenced from Electrocautery Effects to the Corpora Cavernosa in Defrosted Human Cadavers. Urology, 2015, volume 86, issue 6, pages 1129-1136.
14. Hsieh CH, Chen CW, Hung Meng Huang, et al. Penile venous stripping surgery is a viable option for erectile dysfunction after unsuccessful vascular interventions. Clin. Pract. (2017) 14(1): 86-94.
15. Heng-Shuen Chen, Chu-Wen Fang, Raymond WM Tsai, Chih-Yuan Hsu, Geng-Long Hsu1, Hsiu-Chen
Lu, Mang-Hung Tsai, Jeff SC Chueh. The Human Penile Fibro-vascular Assembly Requires the Integrity of
Ten Fibro-ligaments. Life submitted, 2025.
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William J. HuangTaiwan
Speaker
Male Infertility: Challenges and Opportunities in AsiaMale infertility contributes to nearly 50% of all infertility cases, with an increasing burden observed across Asia. In parallel, a dramatic decline in birth rates has emerged in several Asian countries—including South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, and Singapore—reaching historically low total fertility rates (TFRs) of under 1.0. While multifactorial in nature, this demographic crisis underscores the urgent need to address all aspects of reproductive health, including the often-overlooked role of male infertility. Epidemiological data reveal significant regional disparities in the prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of male infertility. Cultural stigma, limited andrology training, fragmented referral systems, and inadequate coverage of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have impeded timely diagnosis and intervention. Environmental exposures, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, occupational heat, and increased paternal age have all been linked to declining semen quality, as evidenced by longitudinal studies showing decreased sperm concentration and motility in several urban centers across Asia. Current diagnostic tools—including semen analysis, hormone profiling, genetic testing (e.g., Y-chromosome microdeletion, karyotyping), and imaging—enable better etiological categorization. Microsurgical sperm retrieval techniques such as mTESE have provided new hope for patients with non-obstructive azoospermia, while ICSI and sperm cryopreservation have become increasingly utilized where available. Nevertheless, access remains inconsistent, particularly outside metropolitan regions. Recent integration of AI-based systems for semen evaluation, patient triage, and digital counseling offers promising strategies to improve care delivery, especially in under-resourced settings. However, data privacy, regulatory standards, and user trust continue to pose barriers to widespread implementation. Opportunities for systemic improvement include the development of regional male infertility registries, integration of andrology into national reproductive health frameworks, expansion of insurance coverage for fertility services, and public awareness campaigns to destigmatize male infertility. In light of Asia’s fertility decline, repositioning male reproductive health as a public health and demographic priority is essential for sustainable population policy and long-term healthcare planning.
The Peri-Operative Care of MIST For Prostate HyperplasiaMinimally invasive surgical therapies (MIST), particularly UroLift and Rezūm, have transformed the treatment landscape for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), offering effective symptom relief with reduced morbidity and preservation of sexual function. However, optimal outcomes depend not only on procedural execution, but also on well-structured peri-operative care protocols encompassing pre-, intra-, and post-operative management. Pre-operative evaluation includes comprehensive assessment of prostate anatomy—especially size, shape, and presence of median lobe—via imaging (TRUS or cystoscopy) to determine candidacy. Careful patient selection is essential: UroLift is typically suited for prostates <80 cc without obstructive median lobes, while Rezūm accommodates broader anatomical variability but may have delayed symptom resolution. Baseline symptom scores (e.g., IPSS), uroflowmetry, and post-void residual volume establish functional benchmarks and guide patient counseling. Anesthesia planning must consider procedural setting and patient comorbidities. UroLift can often be performed under local anesthesia with light sedation, whereas Rezūm may require short general anesthesia or deeper sedation due to thermal discomfort. Appropriate selection reduces intraoperative stress and facilitates same-day discharge. Intraoperative care focuses on minimizing trauma and ensuring device precision. UroLift requires accurate deployment of implants to maintain lateral lobe retraction without compromising sphincter integrity. In Rezūm, the number and duration of vapor injections must be titrated based on lobe size and configuration to balance efficacy and tissue inflammation. Real-time visualization and standardized protocols reduce variability and improve safety. Post-operative management involves anticipating and controlling transient irritative symptoms, such as dysuria, urgency, and hematuria. Alpha-blockers and anti-inflammatory medications are commonly used for 3–7 days post-procedure. Catheterization strategies differ by technique: UroLift may avoid catheter use entirely, whereas Rezūm often requires 7-14 days of catheter drainage due to anticipated edema. Monitoring for urinary retention, UTI, or clot obstruction is critical during the early recovery phase. Follow-up care typically occurs at 2–4 weeks and includes reassessment of voiding function, symptom scores, and patient satisfaction. Reinforcement of realistic expectations is especially important with Rezūm, which may take 4–6 weeks to achieve peak efficacy. Longitudinal studies indicate sustained symptom relief and low retreatment rates when peri-operative care is standardized and patient education is emphasized. Adverse event profiles differ between techniques: UroLift is associated with less dysuria but higher retreatment rates in large prostates, while Rezūm presents higher rates of transient discomfort but favorable durability. Structured peri-operative care pathways—including patient education, standardized medication protocols, and clear complication management plans—enhance recovery, minimize adverse events, and improve overall clinical success.
TICC - 3F Banquet Hall
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Prostate Cancer
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Lui Shiong LeeSingapore
Moderator
Technical Pearls: Robotic Intra-Corporeal OBSThis session will demonstrate the key steps required in the intra-corporeal creation of a Studer type orthotropic bladder substitute.
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Peter Ka-Fung ChiuHong Kong, China
Speaker
Minimal Invasive Therapy: Where do We Stand in 2025Endourological, Laparoscopic and robotic surgeries have replaced most open surgeries in Urology. Emergence of new robotic platforms have provided urologists with new opportunities. Both boom-type and module-type robots have been used, and they each have their strengths in practice. Tele-surgeries have provided a new paradigm of long-distance robotic surgeries to facilitate new surgical possibilities and proctorship. State of the art robotic surgeries in retrograde intrarenal surgeries and enbloc resection MDT Discussion: Personalizing Treatment in High Volume CSPCN/ADebate: Should We Only Offer Consolidative Cytoreductive Nephrectomy in Metastatic RCC?N/AFocal Therapy in Asia – Is It Prime Time?The increase in incidence of Prostate cancer has been rapid in Asia in the past 10 years. While Robotic radical prostatectomy and Radiotherapy has been the commonest treatments for localized prostate cancer, significant long-term morbidities are observed after surgery or radiotherapy including incontinence, erectile dysfunction and irradiation injury to the bladder and rectum. In the current era of MRI-guided prostate biopsy, focal diseases can be targeted and diagnosed, and image-guided focal therapy emerged as an alternative treatment. Although Focal therapy has a relatively higher rate of local recurrence, it has the advantages of minimal or no long-term complication after treatment, and it is possible to perform retreatment with focal therapy, prostatectomy or radiotherapy. In properly selected patients, the need for salvage prostatectomy or radiotherapy after focal therapy is less than 20% at 8 years, and patients’ quality of life could be preserved. In well-selected patients, focal therapy is an attractive option. Current focal therapy for prostate cancer available in Asia includes HIFU, Cryotherapy, Targeted Microwave Ablation (TMA), irreversible electroporation (IRE) and TULSA.
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Stephen A. BoorjianUnited States
Speaker
AUA Lecture: 2025 Update of AUA and EAU NMIBC GuidelinesBoth the American Urological Association (AUA) and European Association of Urology (EAU) have developed guidelines for the management of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). While subtle differences in several aspects of these guidelines exist which merit mentioning, both guidelines emphasis the concept of risk stratification. In particular, understanding the criteria which classifies patients with NMIBC as high risk avoids undertreatment of the patients most likely to experience disease progress. Likewise, recognizing the indications for cystectomy among high risk NMIBC patients is critical to optimize survival. Meanwhile, continued options emerge for patients classified as having BCG unresponsive NMIBC, such that knowledge of that definition as well as current management strategies for these patients facilitates contemporary practice.From Bench to Bedside - A Comprehensive Overview of Kidney CancerEvaluation of patients with a newly identified renal mass includes dedicated cross-sectional imaging for appropriate characterization. Genetic syndromes which include renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are increasingly understood, and indeed knowledge of the intracellular pathways of these conditions has facilitate rationale drug development for kidney cancer. Managing patients with a small renal mass involves a critical assessment of competing risks inherent to the tumor, the patient (underlying comorbidity status), and the proposed treatment. Renal mass biopsy may play a role in select cases for additional information/risk stratification. The safety of active surveillance is being increasingly demonstrated as longer-term follow-up matures. Meanwhile, select patients with high risk disease now have the option of adjuvant immunotherapy following surgical resection. In the setting of metastatic RCC, again risk stratification plays a critical role in the decision for – and timing of – cytoreductive nephrectomy, particularly in the contemporary era of checkpoint inhibitor therapies.Real World Experience in the Management of Upper Tract Urothelial CarcinomaThe biggest challenging in managing upper tract urothelial carcionma (UTUC) remains accurate staging of tumors at diagnosis. Given the limited ability of contemporary staging methods, clinical risk stratification models have been developed to assist in providing risk-based treatment recommendations. For example, endoscopic management (e.g., ablation) represents the recommended first line approach for patients with low risk disease. Importantly, follow-up for these patients should include endoscopic re-evaluation. The value of testing patients with UTUC for Lynch syndrome is also critical to recognize. A role for neoadjuvant chemotherapy is being increasing explored for patients classified with high-risk UTUC, while several options exist for adjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy for patients with adverse pathology at surgical resection. Continued investigation into prevention of postoperative intravesical recurrences in patients with UTUC is warranted given the frequency of metachronous tumor development in the bladder among these patients.Updates on MIBC and Advanced Bladder Cancer: Where do We Stand in 2025While neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to radical cystectomy has been demonstrated with randomized trial data to improve survival for patients undergoing radical cystectomy, nevertheless utilization is often restricted by misunderstandings regarding patient eligibility factors. As such, defining eligibility criteria will facilitate increased adoption. Likewise, new data indicates a role for adjust immunotherapy in select patients following surgery as well. Moreover, important recent evidence on the role of extended lymph node dissection and the opportunities for preserving sexual function after cystectomy by modifying surgical technique are critical to review in order to optimize future patient outcomes. Further, recent advancements in systemic therapy options for patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma have led to unprecedented survival rates.Revisit on Testicular Tumors-What we Learned from past and Prepared for the FutureGerm cell tumor (GCT) progression typically occurs in a predictable sequence of disease spread to the retroperitoneum first and then distant metastases. Understanding the role of serum tumor markers at various disease stages is critical for guideline-concordant management and to optimize patient outcomes, avoiding both undertreatment and overtreatment. For patients with seminoma, retroperitoneal lymph node dissection now represents an option for patients with low volume retroperitoneal lymph node disease, with the goal of avoiding the long-term toxicities associated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. For patients with residual postchemotherapy masses in seminoma, increasing evidence suggests that PET scans should be utilized/interpreted with caution, and that in the absence of mass growth continued follow-up may be the strategy for most patients. Similarly, for patients with nonseminomatous GCTs (NSGCT) and equivocal retroperitoneal lymph nodes at presentation, re-scanning after an interval of approximately 6-8 weeks may be preferable to initial treatment, as many of these nodes represent benign processes and as such will resolve. Nevertheless, postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection remains a critical component of the management of patients with NSCGT and a residual mass. Risk Stratification and Contemporary Management of Biochemical RecurrenceBiochemical recurrence (BCR) has been reported in up to 35% of patients following radical prostatectomy. Understanding the natural history and clinicopathologic risk factors associated with disease progression is critical to facilitate an individualized treatment approach. Likewise, recognizing the details of treatment delivery with salvage radiotherapy is necessary to optimize outcomes. Further, as data emerge on the utilization of systemic therapy for non-metastatic BCR, being able to contextualize reported outcomes with patient age, comorbidity status, and disease risk will enhance appropriate care delivery.
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Ching-Chu LuTaiwan
Speaker
The Strategy to Initiate PSMA-Based Therapies for Advanced Prostate CancerPSMA-targeted radioligand therapy (PSMA RLT) has emerged as a promising treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), particularly after failure of androgen deprivation therapy, next-generation hormonal agents, and chemotherapy. While PSMA RLT is currently a third-line treatment, evidence from the PSMAfore trial suggests its potential efficacy when used earlier in the treatment sequence, prior to chemotherapy, offering a new strategy for improving progression-free survival (PFS) in mCRPC patients.
In addition, PSMA RLT is being explored in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC), with ongoing trials such as PSMAddition, investigating its role in delaying disease progression and improving patient outcomes when combined with standard therapies.
Moreover, PSMA RLT is being evaluated in combination with other treatments, including PARP inhibitors, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Numerous ongoing trials are exploring these combination therapies to further enhance the therapeutic efficacy of PSMA RLT and improve patient outcomes in advanced prostate cancer.
Novel radionuclides such as Actinium-225 (Ac-225) and Terbium-161 (Tb-161) are being investigated for their potential to improve the therapeutic profile of PSMA RLT. These isotopes offer unique advantages, including different radiation characteristics that could increase the efficacy and safety of PSMA-targeted therapies.
In conclusion, PSMA RLT is becoming a cornerstone of precision oncology for prostate cancer. As research continues to explore its use earlier in the treatment continuum, in combination with other therapies, and with the incorporation of novel radionuclides, PSMA RLT holds great promise for improving outcomes in advanced prostate cancer patients.
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TICC - 2F 201BC
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