Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are prevalent among older adults and have been increasingly associated with low lean mass and sarcopenia. However, the prevalence of LUTS in this population remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to synthesize existing evidence to determine the prevalence of LUTS in individuals with low lean mass or sarcopenia

A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases (e.g., PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EMBASE) for studies reporting the prevalence of LUTS in patients with low lean mass or sarcopenia. Eligible studies were assessed for quality, and data were extracted for meta-analysis. A random-effects model was used to estimate pooled prevalence rates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses were performed based on diagnostic criteria, population characteristics, and study design.

A total of 12 studies comprising around 5,210 participants met the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of LUTS among patients with low lean mass or sarcopenia was estimated at approximately 30% (95% CI: 25–35%). Subgroup analysis indicated that LUTS prevalence was higher in older populations and varied based on sarcopenia assessment methods (e.g., EWGSOP, AWGS). Significant heterogeneity was observed across studies (I² = 75%, p < 0.05).​

This meta-analysis highlights a significant burden of LUTS among individuals with low lean mass or sarcopenia. Given the implications for quality of life and healthcare burden, routine assessment of LUTS in sarcopenic patients may be warranted. Further studies are needed to explore underlying mechanisms and potential interventions.​