Pelvic floor physiotherapy (PFP) is increasingly recognised as an effective intervention in the management of functional bladder conditions, such as urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, and bladder pain syndrome. This systematic review aims to evaluate the current evidence on the efficacy of pelvic floor physiotherapy in improving outcomes for individuals with functional bladder conditions.

A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus, for studies published between 2000 and 2024. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, and case-control studies that assessed the impact of pelvic floor physiotherapy on bladder symptoms, quality of life, and pelvic floor muscle function.

A total of 15 studies met the inclusion criteria, with outcomes measured using validated scales such as the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ) and the Overactive Bladder Questionnaire (OAB-Q). Results of the review indicate that pelvic floor physiotherapy significantly reduces symptoms of urinary incontinence and overactive bladder, improves bladder control, and enhances quality of life for affected individuals. Specific interventions, such as pelvic floor muscle training, bladder retraining, biofeedback, and electrical stimulation, were found to be most effective in reducing symptoms and improving muscle strength and coordination.

The review highlights the importance of individualised treatment plans and patient education to maximize therapeutic outcomes. Despite positive findings, the review also identifies several gaps in the literature, including the need for larger sample sizes, long-term follow-up studies, and greater standardization in treatment protocols. In conclusion, pelvic floor physiotherapy is a promising and effective approach for managing functional bladder conditions, though further research is needed to optimize treatment strategies and confirm long-term benefits.