Renal angiomyolipoma (AML) is a rare benign tumor originating from mesenchymal tissue, comprising fat, smooth muscle, and abnormal blood vessels. Despite a low prevalence (0.44%), AML can result in life-threatening complications, including retroperitoneal hemorrhage or intrarenal bleeding, particularly in cases where the tumor size exceeds 4 cm. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes, hemostatic success, and complications associated with selective arterial embolization (SAE) for hemorrhagic renal AML at Binh Dan Hospital

This retrospective study included 35 patients who underwent SAE for hemorrhagic renal AML at Bình Dân Hospital between January 2014 and August 2023. Patient data, including demographics, clinical presentations, imaging findings, embolization techniques, and outcomes, were extracted from medical records for analysis.

The study involved 35 patients, with a mean age of 45.49 ± 12.8 years (range: 19–79). Female patients accounted for 85.71% (30/35). The mean tumor size was 9.01 cm (range: 2.8–20 cm). Tumor-related pseudoaneurysm was the most common vascular lesion (65.71%). The technical and clinical success rates were both 97.14%. Post-embolization syndrome (PES) occurred in 57.14% of cases, while acute kidney injury (AKI) was reported in 5.71%. The average hospital stay was 5.4 ± 3.2 days.

Selective arterial embolization is a safe and effective technique for managing hemorrhagic renal AML. It provides rapid hemostasis with minimal complications and preserves renal function. SAE should be considered a first-line treatment for hemorrhagic AML cases, particularly in emergency situations.