The global incidence of kidney stones is rising, along with a high recurrence rate, which significantly impacts patient health and economic costs. Various factors contribute to kidney stone formation, such as dehydration, urine pH imbalances, glucose metabolism disorders, insulin resistance, and lipid metabolism abnormalities. Although current treatments have shown some success, the high recurrence rate highlights the need for improved prevention strategies. Intermittent fasting (IF), a novel dietary intervention, has proven effective in managing metabolic diseases and may offer benefits in kidney stone prevention. IF regulates metabolism, promotes hydration and urine excretion, and reduces stone formation risk. It improves glucose metabolism, optimizes liver glucose use, and enhances energy metabolism by modulating fat storage and consumption. Additionally, IF helps synchronize circadian rhythms, restores renal oscillations, and regulates systemic inflammation and gut microbiota. This study reviews how IF may influence kidney stone formation through mechanisms like body weight changes, urine composition, inflammation, circadian rhythm adjustments, and gut microbiota. While direct evidence linking IF to kidney stones is lacking, indirect evidence suggests potential benefits. IF, as a lifestyle intervention, could offer a new strategy for kidney stone prevention and treatment, warranting further research into its mechanisms.

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