Renal calcium oxalate stones are closely linked to lipid metabolism disorders. A long-term high-fat diet (HFD) can lead to obesity and various metabolic disorders, which significantly contribute to stone formation. Recent studies indicate time-restricted feeding (TRF) play a crucial role in enhancing metabolic homeostasis and preventing metabolic diseases. However, their impact on kidney stone formation has yet to be investigated.

We examined the differences in calcium oxalate crystal formation in mouse kidneys through glyoxylic acid (Gly) modeling on HFD mouse models subjected to both ad libitum (Ad) and TRF. TRF mitigated weight gain, improved blood lipid metabolism disorders, and reduced lipid deposition in the liver and kidneys, alleviating pathological damage. The TRF group compared to the Ad group exhibited lower urinary concentrations of oxalate and calcium ions, which corresponded with a reduction in the expressions of OPN and CD44, leading to decreased oxalate crystal formation. Gly intervention in the Ad resulted in increased expressions of TNF-α and IL-6 in the kidneys, leading to an imbalance between oxidation and antioxidants. In contrast, the TRF showed significant improvement, which is potentially linked to the activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway. The night-time TRF, which more aligns with the natural work and rest rhythms of mice, produced more pronounced effects than day-time TRF. The expression of NR1D1 in kidneys was closely related to stone formation.

[Combine methods and results by summarizing the approach and immediately stating the main findings.]

TRF can improve lipid metabolism and inhibit the formation of renal calcium oxalate stones, and TRF interventions that align with biological rhythms demonstrate particularly significant effects.