This study is to review the trend of life expectancy of male population in Taiwan region for the reference in clinical practice.

Up to March 2025, life expectancy reports by the service of the Department of Statistics, Ministry of the Interior (MOI) of Taiwan were reviewed up to 2023. The printed practice guidelines for prostate cancer by Taiwan Cooperation Oncology Group (TCOG), Taiwanese Urological Association (TUA) and National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) were reviewed. Investigate the trend of life expectancy of the male population in Taiwan region which includes Taipei city, Kaohsiung city but no Fukien special areas. Although 10 years of life expectancy was considered by TCOG, life expectancy of the patients receiving radical prostatectomy in high risk group of symptomatic localized prostate cancer is 5 years or more, based on TUA 2024, and NCCN 2025.

From 1991 to 2016 life table by Taiwanese MOI were available. Average 5-year survival rate of prostate cancer is around 77% mentioned by TCOG. From 1991 to 2012, the male life expectancy at birth in Taiwan was from 71.8 up to 76.4 years. The report of life expectancy more than 10 years from MOI showed at the age of 71 years in 1991, 72 years from 1992 to 1995, 74 years in 1996, 75 years from 1997 to 1999, 76 years from 2001 to 2005, 77 years in 2006 to 2007. In 2012, the male life expectancy at the age of 77 and 78 years were 10.13 and 9.62 years, respectively. In 2013, the male life expectancy at the age of 77 and 78 years were 10.41 and 9.88 years, In 2016, the male life expectancy at the age of 76, 77 and 78 years were10.27, 9.72 and 9.18 years, In 2019, the male life expectancy at the age of 76, 77, 78 and 79 years were11.17, 10.58, 10.00 and 9.44 years. Up to 2023 of statistics from MOI of Taiwan, the life expectancy of 76, 77, 84, and 85 years were 10.5, 9.7, 5.9 and 5.3 years respectively, which showed the upper limit of age for radical prostatectomy was increased.

In this timely updating study, the possible upper limit of age is not limited even at the age of 85 years for the patients in Taiwan with high–risk localized prostate cancer considering to receive radical prostatectomy based on TUA 2024 and NCCN 2025 practice guidelines. Further research with longer follow-up is needed to clarify the relationship.