Urolithiasis is one of the most widespread urological diseases and infectious complications remain one of the most common adverse events after surgical interventions for urolithiasis. Currently, in routine clinical practice in most clinics in the country, for the purpose of postoperative control and detection of infectious complications is used: a clinical blood test with assessment of the dynamics of the blood leukocyte count. Unfortunately, the current edition of the clinical guidelines does not contain recommendations on what indicators of postoperative follow-up examinations the clinician should focus on in order to identify infectious and inflammatory complications. For this reason, the study of the value of other markers of the inflammatory response appears to be an actual task.

The prospective cohort study included 217 patients diagnosed with urolithiasis and underwent surgical removal of stones by endoscopic method. Of total patient numbers, 43 patients underwent ureteroscopy (URS) with lithotripsy, 152 patients underwent percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PNL), and 22 patients underwent flexible ureterolithotripsy with lithotripsy. An analysis of demographics, clinical parameters and postoperative complications was performed as a descriptive analysis. Patients underwent a standard list of laboratory and instrumental examination methods. The mandatory control of body temperature was carried out 3 times a day, every day. Before surgical treatment, indicators of the content of white blood cell (WBC), lymphocytes (LYMP), C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were recorded on the 1st and 2nd day after surgical treatment.

In the postoperative period, an increase in (CRP) and (ESR) was noted both in the fever group and in the normal temperature group, exceeding the reference values already on the first day. At the same time, in the fever group, a significantly higher increase in these indicators was observed (685% vs. 323%) for (CRP) and (146% vs. 80%) for (ESR). According to the results obtained in our study, (CRP) and (ESR) indicators demonstrate the most clinically significant dynamics, increasing by more than 500% and 100%, respectively.

Endoscopic urinary calculus removal is a safe treatment option in patients with sterile urine cultures. After endoscopic stone removal, all patients experience such reactive changes in peripheral blood parameters as: an increase in the level of leukocytes, lymphopenia, an increase in (ESR) and (CRP) levels. Indicators of (CRP) and (ESR) demonstrate the most clinically indicative dynamics.