Computed tomography is increasingly being used for the diagnosis and treatment of kidney stones. However, the use of contrast agents is limited in patients with chronic kidney disease, increases costs, and may lead to potential side effects. Therefore, evaluating the effectiveness of non-contrast computed tomography is highly significant in the diagnosis and treatment of kidney stones.

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 94 patients diagnosed with kidney stones and undergoing non-contrast computed tomography from January 2024 to December 2024 at Binh Dan Hospital.

Among the 94 patients studied, the average age was 52.49 ± 12.22 years, with the majority in the 30–60 age group (69.14%) and a male-to-female ratio of 1.04. Based on imaging, complex renal stones accounted for 37.23%, isolated renal pelvis stones 51.06%, upper calyx stones 5.53%, and lower calyx stones 5.53%. Regarding stone count, 60.63% had a single stone, while 15.96% had three or more. The average stone size was 28.17 ± 12.01 mm; 15.96% of stones were <20 mm, 52.13% were 20–30 mm, and 31.91% were >30 mm. Most stones had a density >1000 HU (84.04%). The degree of pelvicalyceal dilatation on CT showed that 6.38% had no dilatation, 46.8% had Grade I, 39.36% had Grade II, and 7.45% had Grade III dilatation. In terms of renal function in the affected kidney, 53.2% showed poor residual function.

Non-contrast computed tomography is a safe imaging modality with high sensitivity and accuracy in the diagnosis and treatment planning of kidney stones.