This study aims to determine the clinical and paraclinical characteristics, as well as the histopathological subtypes, of patients diagnosed with non-renal cell carcinoma kidney cancers (non-RCC kidney cancer).

We conducted a retrospective descriptive study on 81 patients diagnosed with non-RCC kidney cancer at Cho Ray Hospital between January 2019 and April 2024. Data were collected from medical records, including clinical, imaging, and histopathological characteristics. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata 14.0 software.

The mean age of the patients was 57.2 ± 15.2 years, with males comprising 65.4% of the cohort. A significant 95.1% of patients were diagnosed after presenting with clinical symptoms. The most common symptoms were flank pain (58.9%) and gross hematuria (25.9%). The average tumor size was 8.27 ± 4.46 cm, with renal sarcoma showing the largest average tumor size of 13.32 ± 4.13 cm. The histopathological distribution was as follows: squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (40.7%), upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) (30.9%), sarcoma (21%), lymphoma (3.7%), and metastatic kidney cancer (2.5%).

Non-RCC kidney cancers present with a variety of clinical features, predominantly in males, and are generally diagnosed after symptom onset. SCC and UTUC are the most common histopathological subtypes. Early identification and accurate pathological classification are essential for optimal treatment strategies and prognosis.