The etiology of testicular torsion remains unclear, with incidence 2.02 cases per 100,000 person-years and 6.99 cases per 100,000 person-years in males under 19 years of age. Previous study showed at diurnal temperature change of 6C or greater was associated with the risk of testicular torsion. Another study showed that increased incidence of testicular torsion is seen with decreasing atmospheric temperature and humidity. However, no consensus has been reached.

In the study, the patients with suspected testicular torsion from a single center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou branch from 2015~2024 were included. The data of the patients were collected retrospectively through medical records. The patient’s basic characteristics including age, Body mass index was included. The climate data of the operative date was collected from the Taiwan Central Weather Bureau.

A total of 104 patients from 2015~2024 were included in the study, of which 25 received bilateral orchiopexy. The median age of the patient was 14 years old. 46 of the patients received orchiectomy after exploration. The risk of testicular torsion was higher in days with large fluctuations in temperature between night and day (p=0.034). However, lower atmospheric temperature and humidity were not related with increased risk of testicular torsion (p=0.13 and p=0.32, respectively).

Large fluctuations in temperature between night and day was related to the risk of testicular, while lower atmospheric temperature and humidity were not. This may indicate several climate factors for testicular torsion. However, several biases was still noted in our study, including the limited case number. Further interinstitutional studies may be needed for better understanding of the etiology of testicular torsion.