Non-Invasive Immune Monitoring

Brian K. LeeUnited States Speaker Genetic Testing in the Evaluation of Recipient Candidates and Living Kidney DonorWith the advent of more affordable next generation sequencing with ever faster turnaround times, precision medicine has taken on a more prominent role in clinical practice. This has meant that when determining the most appropriate course of action when evaluating potential kidney transplant recipients, genetic ascertainment of the underlying cause of their ESKD/CKD has become an increasingly indispensable tool. At the same time, related living kidney donors, especially those who are young, and who may not have any manifestations of renal symptoms can now be genetically tested to reassure transplant professionals and donors and their families that they are unlikely to harbor a hereditary condition that could jeopardize their future renal function. And yet the interpretation of genetic testing results is not part of the regular nephrology/transplant curriculum, and many centers do not have readily accessible medical geneticists or genetic counselors at their disposal, making the appropriate triaging of recipient and donor candidates alike somewhat of a black box. Through this session, we hope to elucidate the tough decisions and triumphs that comes with recognizing both the powers and the limitations of using genetic tests in transplant recipient and donor evaluations. Non-Invasive Immune MonitoringThe success of kidney transplantation is dependent on the close monitoring of kidney function and the net immune status of the host recipient. Traditional biomarkers such as serum creatinine are unreliable at best, often lagging behind histologic evidence of anti-graft activity when protocol biopsies are performed which could jeopardize opportunities for clinicians to intervene timely. Surveillance renal allograft biopsies have been employed in an attempt to match clinical outcomes with histologic findings, but this invasive procedure could lead to bleeding complications and is time- and labor intensive. Better immune monitoring has recently become more widely adopted in transplant practice, and its introduction could allow closer follow-up of the recipient and shed light on the state of immune milieu.